References for "Why Statins Don't Really Work"
[1] K.D. Brandt, P. Dieppe, E. Radin, "Etiopathogenesis of osteoarthritis". Med. Clin. North Am. 93 (1): 1–24, 2009.
[2] J. Cable, "Adverse Events of Statins - An Informal Internet-based Study," JOIMR, 7(1), 2009.
[3] S. Calaghan, "Caveolae as key regulators of cardiac myocyte beta2 adrenoceptor signalling: a novel target for statins" Research Symposium on Caveolae: Essential Signalosomes for the Cardiovascular System, Proc Physiol Soc 19, SA21, University of Manchester, 2010.
[4] K.S. Collison, S.M. Saleh, R.H. Bakheet, R.K. Al-Rabiah, A.L. Inglis, N.J. Makhoul, Z.M. Maqbool, M. Zia Zaidi, M.A. Al-Johi and F.A. Al-Mohanna, "Diabetes of the Liver: The Link Between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and HFCS-55" Obesity, 17(11), 2003-2013, Nov. 2009.
[5] J. Dorstand, P. Ku ̈hnlein, C. Hendrich, J. Kassubek, A.D. Sperfeld, and A.C. Ludolph. "Patients with elevated triglyceride and cholesterol serum levels have a prolonged survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis," J Neurol. in Press:Published online Dec. 3 2010.
[6] O. Feron, C. Dessy, J.-P. Desager, andJ.-L. Balligand, "Hydroxy-Metholglutaryl-Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibition Promotes Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Activation Through a Decrease in Caveolin Abundance," Circulation 103, 113-118, 2001.
[7] M.R. Goldstein and L. Mascitelli, "Statin-induced diabetes: perhaps, its the tip of the iceberg," QJM, Published online, Nov 30, 2010.
[8] S.S. Gottlieb, M. Khatta, and M.L. Fisher. "Coenzyme Q10 and congestive heart failure." Ann Intern Med, 133(9):745–6, 2000.
[9] J.-P. Gratton, P. Bernatchez, and W.C. Sessa, "Caveolae and Caveolins in the Cardiovascular System," Circulation Research, 94:1408-1417, June 11, 2004.
[10] D.S. Grimes, E. Hindle and T. Dyer, "Sunlight, Cholesterol and Coronary Heart Disease," Q. J. Med 89, 579-589, 1996; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8935479
[11] J. Hagedorn and R. Arora, "Association of Statins and Diabetes Mellitus," American Journal of Therapeutics, 17(2):e52, 2010.
[12] T.H. Haines, "Do Sterols Reduce Proton and Sodium Leaks through Lipid Bilayers?" Progress in Lipid Research, 40, 299-324., 2001; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11412894
[13] T. Kikuchi, N. Oka, A. Koga, H. Miyazaki, H. Ohmura, and T. Imaizumi, "Behavior of Caveolae and Caveolin-3 During the Development of Myocyte Hypertrophy," J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 45:3, 204-210, March 2005.
[14] P.H. Langsjoen and A.M. Langsjoen, "The clinical use of HMG CoA-reductase inhibitors and the associated depletion of coenzyme Q10. A review of animal and human publications." Biofactors, 18(1):101–111, 2003.
[15] P. Lijnen, H. Celis, R. Fagard, J. Staessen, and A. Amery, "Influence of cholesterol lowering on plasma membrane lipids and cationic transport systems," J. Hypertension, 12:59-64, 1994.
[16] J. Liu, A. Li and S. Seneff, "Automatic Drug Side Effect Discovery from Online Patient-Submitted Reviews: Focus on Statin Drugs." Submitted to First International Conference on Advances in Information Mining and Management (IMMM) Jul 17-22, 2011, Bournemouth, UK.
[17] A. Maguy, T.E. Hebert, and S. Nattel, "Involvement of Lipid rafts and Caveolae in cardiac ion channel function," Cardiovascular Research, 69, 798-807, 2006.
[18] B.M. Meador and K.A. Huey, "Statin-Associated Myopathy and its Exacerbation with Exercise," Muscle and Nerve, 469-79, Oct. 2010.
[19] C. Minetti, F. Sotgia, C. Bruno, et al., "Mutations in the caveolin-3 gene cause autosomal dominant limb-girdle muscular dystrophy," Nat. Genet., 18, 365-368, 1998.
[20] O.B. Nielsen, F. de Paoli, and K. Overgaard, "Protective effects of lactic acid on force production in rat skeletal muscles." J. Phhsiology 536(1), 161-166, 2001.
[21] P.S. Phillips, R.H. Haas, S. Bannykh, S. Hathaway, N.L. Gray, B.J. Kimura, G. D. Vladutiu, and J.D.F. England. "Statin-associated myopathy with normal creatine kinase levels," Ann Intern Med, October 1, 2002;137:581–5.
[22] G. de Pinieux, P. Chariot, M. Ammi-Said, F. Louarn, J.L. LeJonc, A. Astier, B. Jacotot, and R. Gherardi, "Lipid-lowering drugs and mitochondrial function: effects of HMG-CoA reducase inhibitors on serum ubiquinone and blood lactate/pyruvate ratios." Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 42: 333-337, 1996.
[23] R.A. Robergs, F. Ghiasvand, and D. Parker, "Biochemistry of exercise-induced metabolic acidosis." Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 287: R502–R516, 2004.
[24] G. Saher, B. Brügger, C. Lappe-Siefke, et al. "High cholesterol level is essential for myelin membrane growth." Nat Neurosci 8:468-75, 2005.
[25] S. Seneff, G. Wainwright, and L. Mascitelli, "Is the Metabolic Syndrome Caused by a High Fructose, and Relatively Low Fat, Low Cholesterol Diet?" Archives of Medical Science, 7(1), 8-20, 2011; DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2011.20598
[26] S. Seneff, G. Wainwright, and L. Mascitelli, "Nutrition and Alzheimer's Disease: the Detrimental Role of a High Carbohydrate Diet," In Press, European Journal of Internal Medicine, 2011.
[27] S. Seneff, G. Wainwright and B. Hammarskjold, "Cholesterol Sulfate Supports Glucose and Oxygen Transport into Erythrocytes and Myocytes: a Novel Evidence Based Theory," submitted to Hypotheses in the Life Sciences.
[28] S. Seneff, G. Wainwright and B. Hammarskjold, "Atherosclerosis may Play a Pivotal Role in Protecting the Myocardium in a Vulnerable Situation," submitted to Hypotheses in the Life Sciences.
[29] H. Sinzinger and J. O’Grady, "Professional athletes suffering from familial hypercholesterolaemia rarely tolerate statin treatment because of muscle problems." Br J Clin Pharmacol 57,525-528, 2004.
[30] E.J. Smart, G.A. Graf, M.A. McNiven, W.C. Sessa, J.A. Engelman, P.E. Scherer, T. Okamoto, and M.P. Lisanti, "Caveolins, Liquid-Ordered Domains, and Signal Transduction," Molecular and Cellular Biology, 19, 7289–7304, Nov. 1999.
[31] A.J. Shyam Kumar, S.K. Wong, and G. Andrew, "Statin-induced muscular symptoms : A report of 3 cases." Acta Orthop. Belg. 74, 569-572, 2008.
[32] M.A. Silver, P.H. Langsjoen, S. Szabo, H. Patil, and A. Zelinger, "Effect of atorvastatin on left ventricular diastolic function and ability of coenzyme Q10 to reverse that dysfunction." The American Journal of Cardiology, 94(10):1306–1310, 2004.
[33] Y. Sunada, H. Ohi, A. Hase, H. Ohi, T. Hosono, S. Arata, S. Higuchi, K. Matsumura, and T. Shimizu, "Transgenic mice expressing mutant caveolin-3 show severe myopathy associated with increased nNOS activity," Human Molecular Genetics 10(3) 173-178, 2001. http://hmg.oxfordjournals.org/content/10/3/173.abstract
[34] M. J. Taggart, "The complexity of caveolae: a critical appraisal of their role in vascular function," Research Symposium on Caveolae: Essential Signalosomes for the Cardiovascular System, Proc Physiol Soc 19, SA21, University of Manchester, 2010.
[35] P. Thavendiranathan, A.Bagai, M.A. Brookhart, and N.K. Choudhry, "Primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases with statin therapy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials," Arch Intern Med. 166(21), 2307-13., Nov 27, 2006.
[36] R.S. Tilvis, J.N. Valvanne, T.E. Strandberg and T.A. Miettinen "Prognostic significance of serum cholesterol, lathosterol, and sitosterol in old age; a 17-year population study," Annals of Medicine, Early Online, 1–10, 2011.
[37] J. Tong, P.P. Borbat, J.H. Freed, and Y. Shin, "A scissors mechanism for stimulation of SNARE-mediated lipid mixing by cholesterol." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009;106:5141-6.
[38] L. Vila, A. Rebollo, G.S. Ađalsteisson, M. Alegret, M. Merlos, N. Roglans, and J.C. Laguna, "Reduction of liver fructokinase expression and improved hepatic inflammation and metabolism in liquid fructose-fed rats after atorvastatin treatment," Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 251, 32–40, 2011.
[39] Walley T., Folino-Gallo P., Stephens P et al, "Trends in prescribing and utilisation of statins and other lipid lowering drugs across Europe 1997-2003," Br J Clin Pharmacol 60, 543-551, 2005.
[40] K.A. Weant and K.M. Smith, "The Role of Coenzyme Q10 in Heart Failure," Ann Pharmacother, 39(9), 1522-6, Sep. 2005.
[41] F. R. Westwood, A. Bigley, K. Randall, A.M. Marsden, and R.C. Scott, "Statin-induced muscle necrosis in the rat: distribution, development, and fibre selectivity," Toxicologic Pathology, 33:246-257, 2005.
[2] J. Cable, "Adverse Events of Statins - An Informal Internet-based Study," JOIMR, 7(1), 2009.
[3] S. Calaghan, "Caveolae as key regulators of cardiac myocyte beta2 adrenoceptor signalling: a novel target for statins" Research Symposium on Caveolae: Essential Signalosomes for the Cardiovascular System, Proc Physiol Soc 19, SA21, University of Manchester, 2010.
[4] K.S. Collison, S.M. Saleh, R.H. Bakheet, R.K. Al-Rabiah, A.L. Inglis, N.J. Makhoul, Z.M. Maqbool, M. Zia Zaidi, M.A. Al-Johi and F.A. Al-Mohanna, "Diabetes of the Liver: The Link Between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and HFCS-55" Obesity, 17(11), 2003-2013, Nov. 2009.
[5] J. Dorstand, P. Ku ̈hnlein, C. Hendrich, J. Kassubek, A.D. Sperfeld, and A.C. Ludolph. "Patients with elevated triglyceride and cholesterol serum levels have a prolonged survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis," J Neurol. in Press:Published online Dec. 3 2010.
[6] O. Feron, C. Dessy, J.-P. Desager, andJ.-L. Balligand, "Hydroxy-Metholglutaryl-Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibition Promotes Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Activation Through a Decrease in Caveolin Abundance," Circulation 103, 113-118, 2001.
[7] M.R. Goldstein and L. Mascitelli, "Statin-induced diabetes: perhaps, its the tip of the iceberg," QJM, Published online, Nov 30, 2010.
[8] S.S. Gottlieb, M. Khatta, and M.L. Fisher. "Coenzyme Q10 and congestive heart failure." Ann Intern Med, 133(9):745–6, 2000.
[9] J.-P. Gratton, P. Bernatchez, and W.C. Sessa, "Caveolae and Caveolins in the Cardiovascular System," Circulation Research, 94:1408-1417, June 11, 2004.
[10] D.S. Grimes, E. Hindle and T. Dyer, "Sunlight, Cholesterol and Coronary Heart Disease," Q. J. Med 89, 579-589, 1996; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8935479
[11] J. Hagedorn and R. Arora, "Association of Statins and Diabetes Mellitus," American Journal of Therapeutics, 17(2):e52, 2010.
[12] T.H. Haines, "Do Sterols Reduce Proton and Sodium Leaks through Lipid Bilayers?" Progress in Lipid Research, 40, 299-324., 2001; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11412894
[13] T. Kikuchi, N. Oka, A. Koga, H. Miyazaki, H. Ohmura, and T. Imaizumi, "Behavior of Caveolae and Caveolin-3 During the Development of Myocyte Hypertrophy," J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 45:3, 204-210, March 2005.
[14] P.H. Langsjoen and A.M. Langsjoen, "The clinical use of HMG CoA-reductase inhibitors and the associated depletion of coenzyme Q10. A review of animal and human publications." Biofactors, 18(1):101–111, 2003.
[15] P. Lijnen, H. Celis, R. Fagard, J. Staessen, and A. Amery, "Influence of cholesterol lowering on plasma membrane lipids and cationic transport systems," J. Hypertension, 12:59-64, 1994.
[16] J. Liu, A. Li and S. Seneff, "Automatic Drug Side Effect Discovery from Online Patient-Submitted Reviews: Focus on Statin Drugs." Submitted to First International Conference on Advances in Information Mining and Management (IMMM) Jul 17-22, 2011, Bournemouth, UK.
[17] A. Maguy, T.E. Hebert, and S. Nattel, "Involvement of Lipid rafts and Caveolae in cardiac ion channel function," Cardiovascular Research, 69, 798-807, 2006.
[18] B.M. Meador and K.A. Huey, "Statin-Associated Myopathy and its Exacerbation with Exercise," Muscle and Nerve, 469-79, Oct. 2010.
[19] C. Minetti, F. Sotgia, C. Bruno, et al., "Mutations in the caveolin-3 gene cause autosomal dominant limb-girdle muscular dystrophy," Nat. Genet., 18, 365-368, 1998.
[20] O.B. Nielsen, F. de Paoli, and K. Overgaard, "Protective effects of lactic acid on force production in rat skeletal muscles." J. Phhsiology 536(1), 161-166, 2001.
[21] P.S. Phillips, R.H. Haas, S. Bannykh, S. Hathaway, N.L. Gray, B.J. Kimura, G. D. Vladutiu, and J.D.F. England. "Statin-associated myopathy with normal creatine kinase levels," Ann Intern Med, October 1, 2002;137:581–5.
[22] G. de Pinieux, P. Chariot, M. Ammi-Said, F. Louarn, J.L. LeJonc, A. Astier, B. Jacotot, and R. Gherardi, "Lipid-lowering drugs and mitochondrial function: effects of HMG-CoA reducase inhibitors on serum ubiquinone and blood lactate/pyruvate ratios." Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 42: 333-337, 1996.
[23] R.A. Robergs, F. Ghiasvand, and D. Parker, "Biochemistry of exercise-induced metabolic acidosis." Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 287: R502–R516, 2004.
[24] G. Saher, B. Brügger, C. Lappe-Siefke, et al. "High cholesterol level is essential for myelin membrane growth." Nat Neurosci 8:468-75, 2005.
[25] S. Seneff, G. Wainwright, and L. Mascitelli, "Is the Metabolic Syndrome Caused by a High Fructose, and Relatively Low Fat, Low Cholesterol Diet?" Archives of Medical Science, 7(1), 8-20, 2011; DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2011.20598
[26] S. Seneff, G. Wainwright, and L. Mascitelli, "Nutrition and Alzheimer's Disease: the Detrimental Role of a High Carbohydrate Diet," In Press, European Journal of Internal Medicine, 2011.
[27] S. Seneff, G. Wainwright and B. Hammarskjold, "Cholesterol Sulfate Supports Glucose and Oxygen Transport into Erythrocytes and Myocytes: a Novel Evidence Based Theory," submitted to Hypotheses in the Life Sciences.
[28] S. Seneff, G. Wainwright and B. Hammarskjold, "Atherosclerosis may Play a Pivotal Role in Protecting the Myocardium in a Vulnerable Situation," submitted to Hypotheses in the Life Sciences.
[29] H. Sinzinger and J. O’Grady, "Professional athletes suffering from familial hypercholesterolaemia rarely tolerate statin treatment because of muscle problems." Br J Clin Pharmacol 57,525-528, 2004.
[30] E.J. Smart, G.A. Graf, M.A. McNiven, W.C. Sessa, J.A. Engelman, P.E. Scherer, T. Okamoto, and M.P. Lisanti, "Caveolins, Liquid-Ordered Domains, and Signal Transduction," Molecular and Cellular Biology, 19, 7289–7304, Nov. 1999.
[31] A.J. Shyam Kumar, S.K. Wong, and G. Andrew, "Statin-induced muscular symptoms : A report of 3 cases." Acta Orthop. Belg. 74, 569-572, 2008.
[32] M.A. Silver, P.H. Langsjoen, S. Szabo, H. Patil, and A. Zelinger, "Effect of atorvastatin on left ventricular diastolic function and ability of coenzyme Q10 to reverse that dysfunction." The American Journal of Cardiology, 94(10):1306–1310, 2004.
[33] Y. Sunada, H. Ohi, A. Hase, H. Ohi, T. Hosono, S. Arata, S. Higuchi, K. Matsumura, and T. Shimizu, "Transgenic mice expressing mutant caveolin-3 show severe myopathy associated with increased nNOS activity," Human Molecular Genetics 10(3) 173-178, 2001. http://hmg.oxfordjournals.org/content/10/3/173.abstract
[34] M. J. Taggart, "The complexity of caveolae: a critical appraisal of their role in vascular function," Research Symposium on Caveolae: Essential Signalosomes for the Cardiovascular System, Proc Physiol Soc 19, SA21, University of Manchester, 2010.
[35] P. Thavendiranathan, A.Bagai, M.A. Brookhart, and N.K. Choudhry, "Primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases with statin therapy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials," Arch Intern Med. 166(21), 2307-13., Nov 27, 2006.
[36] R.S. Tilvis, J.N. Valvanne, T.E. Strandberg and T.A. Miettinen "Prognostic significance of serum cholesterol, lathosterol, and sitosterol in old age; a 17-year population study," Annals of Medicine, Early Online, 1–10, 2011.
[37] J. Tong, P.P. Borbat, J.H. Freed, and Y. Shin, "A scissors mechanism for stimulation of SNARE-mediated lipid mixing by cholesterol." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009;106:5141-6.
[38] L. Vila, A. Rebollo, G.S. Ađalsteisson, M. Alegret, M. Merlos, N. Roglans, and J.C. Laguna, "Reduction of liver fructokinase expression and improved hepatic inflammation and metabolism in liquid fructose-fed rats after atorvastatin treatment," Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 251, 32–40, 2011.
[39] Walley T., Folino-Gallo P., Stephens P et al, "Trends in prescribing and utilisation of statins and other lipid lowering drugs across Europe 1997-2003," Br J Clin Pharmacol 60, 543-551, 2005.
[40] K.A. Weant and K.M. Smith, "The Role of Coenzyme Q10 in Heart Failure," Ann Pharmacother, 39(9), 1522-6, Sep. 2005.
[41] F. R. Westwood, A. Bigley, K. Randall, A.M. Marsden, and R.C. Scott, "Statin-induced muscle necrosis in the rat: distribution, development, and fibre selectivity," Toxicologic Pathology, 33:246-257, 2005.
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